El Niño, melting of permafrost and the effect of forest fires are among the many reasons for the increase in temperature.
There are many reasons behind the rising temperature of the earth. Scientists have paid special attention to some recent reasons which are increasing this problem. Such as the use of fossil fuels coal, oil, and gas globally reaching record levels, according to the International Energy Agency, global CO₂ emissions reached 37.4 billion tons in 2024, which is more than in previous years. This happened due to the energy crisis and increased industrial activities.
The effect of El Niño began in 2023-24 which is still there, which increased the global temperature. This natural phenomenon increases the temperature of the sea surface, transferring heat to the atmosphere. The melting of permafrost (frozen soil) in the Arctic region has increased, releasing large amounts of methane CH₄ gas. Methane is a gas that absorbs heat 25-30 times more than CO₂, and its emissions recorded a significant increase in 2024. Forest fires in the Amazon, Australia, and Siberia not only increased CO₂ emissions but also destroyed carbon-absorbing forests. This is a double whammy that is increasing temperatures.
Weather patterns in Bihar have seen a significant change over the years, which is a result of climate change and local environmental factors. The average temperature in Bihar has increased by about 0.04 to 0.1 degrees Celsius per year over the last 25 years. March 2025 is expected to be warmer than normal, with maximum temperatures reaching 34-36 degrees Celsius, which is unusual for this season. Monsoons in Bihar are starting later than before and ending early. Monsoon rainfall in 2024 was 15-20% less than normal, which created drought-like conditions. In contrast, sudden heavy rains also caused floods in some areas. The duration of winters is getting shorter. In January-February 2025, the minimum temperature was 2-3 degrees above normal, and the effect of cold lasted for a shorter period than before. The effect of westerly winds has also weakened. In March 2025, many districts of Bihar, such as Patna, Gaya, and Bhagalpur, have seen increased heat and humidity.
The impact of the latest causes of global warming, such as El Niño, permafrost thawing, and forest fires, is also evident in regions like Bihar. The weather in Bihar is no longer as regular as before, summer is increasing, winter is decreasing, and the rainfall pattern has become erratic. This change is having a profound impact not only on the environment, but also on agriculture and public life.
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